योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय ४ (The Principal gave the children sweets on her birthday.)
व्याकरण विश्लेषण व नियम:
दिलेले वाक्य: *"The children were given sweets on the Principal's birthday."* (Passive Voice, साधा भूतकाळ).
Passive वरून Active Voice मध्ये रूपांतर (Agentless Passive):
1.
वाक्यातील क्रियापद: `were given` (Simple Past Passive: `were + V3`).
2.
या वाक्यात 'by + agent' थेट दिलेला नाही. परंतु वाक्यातील संदर्भ असा आहे: *"on the Principal's birthday"* (मुख्याध्यापकांच्या वाढदिवसानिमित्त).
3.
वाढदिवस मुख्याध्यापकांचा असल्याने मुलांना मिठाई देणारा नैसर्गिक व तर्कसंगत कर्ता कोण असेल? तर 'The Principal'!
4.
Active Voice मध्ये रूपांतर करताना:
•
संदर्भनिष्ठ कर्ता: 'The Principal'
•
साधा भूतकाळ क्रियापद: 'gave' (V2)
•
Indirect Object: 'the children'
•
Direct Object: 'sweets'
•
उर्वरित भाग: 'on her birthday'
•
संपूर्ण वाक्य: "The Principal gave the children sweets on her birthday." (पर्याय ४)
5.
पर्याय १, २ आणि ३ हे तिन्ही पर्याय अजूनही Passive Voice मध्येच आहेत (`were given`), त्यामुळे ते Active Voice चे रूप असूच शकत नाहीत.
Agentless Passive चे Active करताना context (संदर्भ) वरून खरा कर्ता ओळखावा लागतो. तसेच इतर पर्याय हे केवळ शब्दांचा क्रम बदललेले Passive Voice च असतात; त्यामुळे क्रियापद Active (`V2`) असणाराच पर्याय निवडावा.
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English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:
Correct Answer: Option 4 (The Principal gave the children sweets on her birthday.)
Grammatical Analysis & Transformation Rules:
Given Passive Voice sentence: *"The children were given sweets on the Principal's birthday."*
Rules for Converting Agentless Passive to Active Voice:
1.
Verb identification: `were given` is in the Simple Past Passive (`were + V3`).
2.
Identification of the contextual agent: The passive sentence omits the agent phrase. However, the temporal modifier *"on the Principal's birthday"* explicitly supplies the logical agent: 'The Principal'.
3.
Simple Past Active conjugation: The verb must be restored to its simple past active form (V2): 'gave'.
4.
Syntactic pattern:
`Subject (The Principal) + Verb (gave) + Indirect Object (the children) + Direct Object (sweets) + Adjunct (on her birthday).`
•
Active sentence: "The Principal gave the children sweets on her birthday." (Option 4).
5.
Elimination of distractors:
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Options 1, 2, and 3 all retain the passive verb structure `were given` with rearranged word order. None of them are active voice.
When asked for 'Active Voice', immediately eliminate any option that still contains `be form + V3` (such as *were given*). The active form must have an active transitive verb (*gave*).
