खालील उतारा काळजीपूर्वक वाचा आणि त्यावर आधारित विचारलेल्या प्रश्नाचे (प्र. क्र. २६ ते ३०) योग्य उत्तर द्या:
परिसंस्था
परिसंस्थेचे एक पारंपरिक उदाहरण म्हणजे एक लहान सरोवर किंवा तलाव. गोड्या पाण्यातील तलावामधील जैवेतर किंवा अजैव भागांमध्ये पाणी, विरघळलेला ऑक्सिजन, कार्बन डायऑक्साइड, फॉस्फेट्स, नायट्रेट्स आणि सोडियम, पोटॅशियम व कॅल्शियमचे क्लोराईडस तसेच अमिनो आम्ल, हयुमिक आम्ल इत्यादी. जैविक संयुगे यांचा समावेश होतो. गोड्या पाण्यातील तलावाचा सजीव भाग त्यामधील जीवांच्या कार्यानुसार उपविभागीत केला जाऊ शकतो, म्हणजेच त्या जीवांचे कार्य संपूर्ण परिसंस्थेला एक सुसंगत व स्थिर प्रणाली म्हणून चालवण्यात किनाऱ्यालगत कसे योगदान देते त्यानुसार गोड्या पाण्यातील तलावात दोन प्रकारचे उत्पादक असतात उगम पावणारी किंवा पाण्याच्या उथळ भागात तरंगणारी मोठी वनस्पती आणि सुक्ष्म वनस्पती, ज्या बहुतेकपणे शेवाळे असतात व प्रकाश जिथपर्यंत पोहचतो तिथवर सगळीकडे पाण्यात वितरित झालेल्या असतात. या छोट्या वनस्पतींना एकत्रितपणे "फायटोप्लँकटन" असे म्हटले जाते. त्या सामान्यतः मोठ्या प्रमाणावर उपस्थित नसल्यास दिसून येत नाहीत, पण मोठ्या प्रमाणात असतील तर पाण्याला हिरवट छटा देतात. फायटोप्लँक्टन गोड्या पाण्यातील परिसंस्थेसाठी अन्न उत्पादक म्हणून अधिक महत्त्वाचे असतात.
तलाव परिसंस्थेतील मॅक्रोकंझ्यूमर्स किंवा फॅगोट्रॉप्समध्ये कीटक, कीटकांचे अळ्या, क्रस्टेशिया, मासे आणि काही वेळा गोड्या पाण्यातील शिंपले यांचा समावेश होतो. झूप्लँक्टन (प्राणी प्लॅक्टन) आणि तलावाच्या तळाशी आढळणारे बेंथोस हे प्राथमिक भक्षक शाकाहारी असतात. दुय्यम भक्षक हे प्राथमिक भक्षक खाणारे मांसाहारी असतात. काही वेळा तृतीय भक्षक सुद्धा असू शकतात जे या मांसाहारी प्रजातींना खातात.
परिसंस्थेची पूर्तता सॅप्रोफाइटस् किंवा अपघटक जीवांच्या माध्यमातून होते, त्यामध्ये बॅक्टेरिया, फ्लॅजिलेट प्रोटोजोआन्स आणि बुरशी यांचा समावेश होतो. हे मृत उत्पादक व ग्राहक जीवांच्या पेशींमधील जैविक संयुगे अपघटित करून त्या सूक्ष्म जैविक रेणूंमध्ये रूपांतरित करतात, जे ते स्वतः वापरतात किंवा हरित वनस्पतींसाठी कच्चा माल म्हणून वापरले जाऊ शकतात.
गोड्या पाण्यातील तलावातील सजीव भागाचे उपविभाजन हे______आहे.
अ. जीवांच्या कार्यानुसार
ब. जीवांच्या दर्जानुसार
क. जीवांच्या सेवानुसार
ड. जीवांच्या जीवनानुसार
वरीलपैकी कोणते विधान (विधाने) बरोबर आहेत ?
EN
Read the following passage carefully and answer the question (Q. No. 26 to 30):
Ecosystem A classic example of ecosystem is a small lake or pond. The abiotic or non-living parts of a freshwater pond include the water, dissolved oxygen, carbon-dioxide, phosphates, nitrates and sodium, chlorides of potassium and calcium and organic compounds such as amino acids, humic acids, etc. The living part of the freshwater pond can be subdivided according to the functions of the organisms i.e. what they contribute toward keeping the ecosystem operating as a stable, interacting whole. In a freshwater pond there are two types of producers, the larger plants growing along the shore or floating in shallow water and the microscopic floating plants, most of which are algae, that are distributed throughout the water as deep as light will penetrate. These tiny plants are collectively referred to as phytoplankton are usually not visible unless they are present in great abundance and give the water a greenish tinge. Phytoplanktons have more significance as food producers for the freshwater pond ecosystem.
The macroconsumers or phagotrophs of pond ecosystem include insects and insect larvae, crustacea, fish and perhaps some freshwater clams. Primary consumers such as zooplankton (animal plankton) found near the surface of water and benthos (bottom forms) are the plant eaters (herbivores) and secondary consumers are the carnivores that eat the primary consumers. There might be some tertiary consumers that eat the carnivores (secondary consumers).
The ecosystem is completed by saprophytes or decomposer organism such as bacteria, flagellate protozoans and fungi. They breakdown the organic compounds of cells from dead producer and consumer organisms either into small organic molecules, which they utilize themselves, or into inorganic substances through the process of decomposition that can be used as raw materials by green plants. The subdivision of living part of the freshwater pond is _______.
a. According to function of organism
b. According to status of organism
c. According to service of organism
d. According to life of organism
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?
Ecosystem A classic example of ecosystem is a small lake or pond. The abiotic or non-living parts of a freshwater pond include the water, dissolved oxygen, carbon-dioxide, phosphates, nitrates and sodium, chlorides of potassium and calcium and organic compounds such as amino acids, humic acids, etc. The living part of the freshwater pond can be subdivided according to the functions of the organisms i.e. what they contribute toward keeping the ecosystem operating as a stable, interacting whole. In a freshwater pond there are two types of producers, the larger plants growing along the shore or floating in shallow water and the microscopic floating plants, most of which are algae, that are distributed throughout the water as deep as light will penetrate. These tiny plants are collectively referred to as phytoplankton are usually not visible unless they are present in great abundance and give the water a greenish tinge. Phytoplanktons have more significance as food producers for the freshwater pond ecosystem.
The macroconsumers or phagotrophs of pond ecosystem include insects and insect larvae, crustacea, fish and perhaps some freshwater clams. Primary consumers such as zooplankton (animal plankton) found near the surface of water and benthos (bottom forms) are the plant eaters (herbivores) and secondary consumers are the carnivores that eat the primary consumers. There might be some tertiary consumers that eat the carnivores (secondary consumers).
The ecosystem is completed by saprophytes or decomposer organism such as bacteria, flagellate protozoans and fungi. They breakdown the organic compounds of cells from dead producer and consumer organisms either into small organic molecules, which they utilize themselves, or into inorganic substances through the process of decomposition that can be used as raw materials by green plants. The subdivision of living part of the freshwater pond is _______.
a. According to function of organism
b. According to status of organism
c. According to service of organism
d. According to life of organism
Which of the statement given above is/are correct?