इंग्रजी भाषा आकलन परिच्छेद वाचा आणि त्यावर आधारित प्रश्नांची उत्तरे द्या :
[मराठी भावानुवाद] श्रेष्ठ पुस्तके आणि जागतिक साहित्य
श्रेष्ठ पुस्तकांची समृद्धी त्यांच्यामध्ये सामावलेल्या विविध अर्थस्तरांवरून दिसून येते. ती विविध प्रकारच्या अर्थनिर्वचनांना वाव देतात. याचा अर्थ ती संदिग्ध आहेत किंवा त्यांचे आंतरिक मूल्य कमकुवत आहे असा नव्हे. विविध अर्थनिर्वचने परस्परांना पूरक ठरतात आणि वाचकाला विविध दृष्टिकोनांतून कलाकृतीचे ऐक्य शोधू देतात. इतर पुस्तके एकदा वाचली तरी त्यांचा आशय समजून येतो; परंतु श्रेष्ठ पुस्तकांच्या अंतरंगात आपण नेहमीच अधिक खोलवर जाऊ शकतो. प्रबोधनाचा अक्षय स्रोत म्हणून ती न संपणारी असतात.
अनेक चांगल्या पुस्तकांचे स्वारस्य हे इतिहासाच्या एका ठरावीक कालखंडापुरतेच मर्यादित असते. सर्व काळातील आणि सर्व ठिकाणच्या मानवांसमोरील मूलभूत प्रश्नांना स्पर्श करण्याचे सार्वत्रिक आकर्षण त्यांच्यात नसते. याउलट, श्रेष्ठ पुस्तके त्यांच्या मूळ उत्पत्तीच्या प्रांतीय मर्यादा ओलांडून पलीकडे जातात. ती जागतिक साहित्याचा चिरंतन भाग बनतात. शतकानुशतके प्रत्येक काळातील माणसे पुन्हा पुन्हा ज्या पुस्तकांकडे वळतात, तीच खरी श्रेष्ठ पुस्तके असतात.
या पार्श्वभूमीवर असे म्हटले जाते की श्रेष्ठ पुस्तकांनी काळाच्या कसोटीवर खरे उतरले पाहिजे. हे अगदी खरे आहे; परंतु केवळ काळाचा ओघ पुस्तकाला श्रेष्ठ बनवत नाही. ती जेव्हा लिहिली गेली तेव्हाच श्रेष्ठ होती. पुस्तकाबद्दलचे दीर्घकालीन स्वारस्य केवळ त्यांच्या श्रेष्ठत्वावर शिक्कामोर्तब करते. आपण काही समकालीन पुस्तकांना श्रेष्ठ समजू शकतो, परंतु खात्री देता येत नाही; त्यांची गुणवत्ता काळाच्या न्यायालयात सिद्ध होणे बाकी असते.
मार्क ट्वेन यांनी एकदा म्हटले होते की, "श्रेष्ठ पुस्तके ही अशी पुस्तके असतात जी आपण वाचलेली असावीत अशी प्रत्येकाची इच्छा असते, परंतु कोणालाही ती प्रत्यक्ष वाचायची नसतात." लोक ती वाचलेली असावीत अशी इच्छा धरतात कारण ती उदारमतवादी शिक्षणाचे अनिवार्य साधन असतात. परंतु ती वाचण्यापासून ते दूर पळतात कारण या पुस्तकांना सखोल चिंतनाची गरज असते; आणि चिंतन करणे हे माणसासाठी सर्वात कठीण व वेदनादायी कामांपैकी एक असते.
श्रेष्ठ पुस्तके वाचणे सोपे नसते. पहिल्याच वाचनात ती नीट समजतील अशी अपेक्षा कोणीही ठेवू नये. मी अनेकदा म्हणतो की ती अशी पुस्तके आहेत जी नेहमीच प्रत्येकाच्या डोक्यावरून जातात. म्हणूनच ती पुन्हा पुन्हा वाचली पाहिजेत आणि म्हणूनच ती आपल्यासाठी कल्याणकारी असतात. कारण ज्या गोष्टी आपल्या डोक्यावरून जातात, त्याच आपल्याला वर उचलून घेऊ शकतात.
दिलेल्या उताऱ्याच्या संदर्भात खालीलपैकी कोणती विधाने सत्य आहेत?
(a) श्रेष्ठ पुस्तकांना सखोल चिंतनाची गरज असते.
(b) चांगली पुस्तके हे जागतिक साहित्य असते.
(c) कठीण चिंतन करणे माणसासाठी वेदनादायी नसते.
(d) श्रेष्ठ पुस्तकांना सार्वत्रिक आकर्षण नसते.
(e) पुस्तकांमधील दीर्घकालीन स्वारस्य त्यांना श्रेष्ठ बनवते/सिद्ध करते.
पर्यायी उत्तरे :
EN
Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions on the basis of the content of the passage:
Great Books and World Literature The richness of great books shows itself in the many levels of meaning they contain. They lend themselves to a variety of interpretation. This does not mean they are ambiguous or that their integrity is compromised. The different interpretations complement one another and allow the reader to discover the unity of the work from a variety of perspectives. We need not read other books more than once to get all that they have to say. But we can always go deeper into great books. As sources of enlightenment, they are inexhaustible. The interest in many good books that are written is limited to a definite period of history. They do not exhibit the universal appeal that results from dealing with the fundamental questions which confront men in all times and places and in a way that men in all times and places can understand. Great books, on the contrary, transcend the provincial limits of their origin. They remain as world literature. The ones we are sure are great, are the ones men everywhere turn to again and again through the centuries. In view of this, it is often said that great books must pass the test of time. This is quite true. But it is not the passage of time that makes the book great. They were great when they were written. An enduring interest in a book merely confirms its greatness. We may consider some contemporary books great, but we cannot be sure. Their excellence still remains to be proved before the tribunal of the ages. Mark Twain once remarked that "the great books are the books that everyone wishes he had read, but no one wants to read." People wish they had read them because they are the indispensable material of a liberal education. They shy away from reading them because these books require thought. And thinking is hard. It is probably one of the most painful things that human beings are called upon to do. The great books are not easy to read. No one should expect to understand them very well on a first reading, not even to master them fully after many readings. I have often said that they are the books which are over everyone's head all of the time. That is why they must be read and re-read. That is also why they are good for us. Only the things which are over our head can lift us up. Which of the following statements are true in the context of the given passage? (a) Great books require thought.
(b) Good books are world literature.
(c) Hard thinking is not painful for man.
(d) Great books do not have universal appeal.
(e) Long-lasting interest in books confirms/makes them great. Answer Options :
Great Books and World Literature The richness of great books shows itself in the many levels of meaning they contain. They lend themselves to a variety of interpretation. This does not mean they are ambiguous or that their integrity is compromised. The different interpretations complement one another and allow the reader to discover the unity of the work from a variety of perspectives. We need not read other books more than once to get all that they have to say. But we can always go deeper into great books. As sources of enlightenment, they are inexhaustible. The interest in many good books that are written is limited to a definite period of history. They do not exhibit the universal appeal that results from dealing with the fundamental questions which confront men in all times and places and in a way that men in all times and places can understand. Great books, on the contrary, transcend the provincial limits of their origin. They remain as world literature. The ones we are sure are great, are the ones men everywhere turn to again and again through the centuries. In view of this, it is often said that great books must pass the test of time. This is quite true. But it is not the passage of time that makes the book great. They were great when they were written. An enduring interest in a book merely confirms its greatness. We may consider some contemporary books great, but we cannot be sure. Their excellence still remains to be proved before the tribunal of the ages. Mark Twain once remarked that "the great books are the books that everyone wishes he had read, but no one wants to read." People wish they had read them because they are the indispensable material of a liberal education. They shy away from reading them because these books require thought. And thinking is hard. It is probably one of the most painful things that human beings are called upon to do. The great books are not easy to read. No one should expect to understand them very well on a first reading, not even to master them fully after many readings. I have often said that they are the books which are over everyone's head all of the time. That is why they must be read and re-read. That is also why they are good for us. Only the things which are over our head can lift us up. Which of the following statements are true in the context of the given passage? (a) Great books require thought.
(b) Good books are world literature.
(c) Hard thinking is not painful for man.
(d) Great books do not have universal appeal.
(e) Long-lasting interest in books confirms/makes them great. Answer Options :