योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय २ (Someone recently donated a large sum of money to the hospital.)
व्याकरण विश्लेषण व नियम:
दिलेले वाक्य: *"A large sum of money was recently donated to the hospital."* (Passive Voice, साधा भूतकाळ).
Passive वरून Active Voice मध्ये रूपांतर:
1.
वाक्यातील काळ: `was donated` = साधा भूतकाळ (Simple Past Tense Passive: `was + V3`).
2.
या वाक्यात 'by + agent' दिलेला नाही (Agentless passive). जेव्हा कोणी अज्ञात व्यक्ती दान करते, तेव्हा Active वाक्यासाठी अनिर्दिष्ट सर्वनाम 'Someone' हा कर्ता म्हणून वापरला जातो.
3.
साध्या भूतकाळात (Simple Past Tense) क्रियापदाचे दुसरे रूप (V2) 'donated' वापरले जाते.
4.
वाक्याची रचना:
`Subject (Someone) + Adverb (recently) + V2 (donated) + Object (a large sum of money) + to the hospital.`
•
अचूक Active वाक्य: "Someone recently donated a large sum of money to the hospital." (पर्याय २)
5.
इतर पर्याय का चुकीचे आहेत?
•
पर्याय १: 'was donating' (चालू भूतकाळ - Past Continuous, अयोग्य).
•
पर्याय ३: 'has donated' (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ - Present Perfect, अयोग्य).
•
पर्याय ४: 'is recently donating' (चालू वर्तमानकाळ - Present Continuous, अयोग्य).
काळ कधीही बदलू नका: `was/were + V3` (Simple Past Passive) चे Active रूप नेहमी साध्या भूतकाळातच (`V2`) होते. काळ बदलणारे पर्याय (has donated, was donating) थेट बाद करा.
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English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:
Correct Answer: Option 2 (Someone recently donated a large sum of money to the hospital.)
Grammatical Analysis & Transformation Rules:
Given Passive Voice sentence: *"A large sum of money was recently donated to the hospital."*
Rules for Passive to Active Conversion:
1.
Tense identification: The predicate `was recently donated` (`was + V3`) is in the Simple Past Tense.
2.
Implied Subject: The passive clause has no explicit agent (*agentless passive*). An indefinite pronoun like 'Someone' is the natural active subject.
3.
Simple Past Active conjugation: The verb must be in its past form (V2): 'donated'.
4.
Active Sentence Structure:
`Subject (Someone) + Adverb (recently) + Verb (donated) + Direct Object (a large sum of money) + Prepositional Complement (to the hospital).`
•
Active sentence: "Someone recently donated a large sum of money to the hospital." (Option 2).
5.
Examination of incorrect alternatives:
•
Option 1 (*was donating*): Past Continuous (Incorrect).
•
Option 3 (*has donated*): Present Perfect (Incorrect).
•
Option 4 (*is recently donating*): Present Continuous (Incorrect).
Preserve grammatical tense during voice reversal.
Simple Past Passive (`was/were + V3`) reverts strictly to Simple Past Active (`V2`).
