खालील घटनांची योग्य क्रमाने मांडणी करा. i. श्वेत पत्रिका ii. पुणे करार iii. नेहरू अहवाल iv. धारासना सत्याग्रह

Correct Answer: Option (3) iii, iv, ii, i

Detailed Explanation:

The correct answer is ​iii, iv, ii, i.

Key Points

• Nehru report:

  • “Nehru Committee Report "was also called the draft constitution that was prepared in 1928.
  • The Nehru Report had the primary motive of assigning Dominion status to India within the British Commonwealth.
  • When the Simon Commission came to India in 1928, it was vehemently opposed by Indians especially the Congress Party for the lack of a single Indian in the Commission.
  • So, the Secretary of State for India, Lord Birkenhead challenged the Indian leaders to draft a constitution for India, implicitly implying that Indians were not capable of finding a common path and drafting a constitution.
  • The political leaders accepted this challenge and an All Party Conference was held and a committee appointed with the task of drafting a constitution.
  • This committee was headed by Motilal Nehru with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Secretary. Other members were Ali Imam, Tej Bahadur Sapru, Mangal Singh, M S Aney, Subhas Chandra Bose, Shuaib Qureshi and G R Pradhan.
  • The draft constitution prepared by the committee was called the Nehru Committee Report or Nehru Report. The report was submitted at the Lucknow session of the all-party conference on August 28, 1928.
  • This was the first major attempt by Indians to draft a constitution for themselves.

• Recommendations of the report:

  • Dominion status for India.
  • Nineteen fundamental rights including the right to vote for men and women above 21 years of age(Adult Suffrage), unless disqualified.
  • Equal rights for men and women as citizens.
  • A federal form of government with residual powers with the centre. There would be a bicameral legislature at the centre. The ministry would be responsible to the legislature.
  • Governor-General to be the constitutional head of India. He would be appointed by the British monarch.
  • A proposal for the creation of a Supreme Court.
  • The provinces would be created along linguistic lines.
  • No separate electorates for any community. It did provide for the reservation of minority seats. It provided for reservations for seats for Muslims at the centre and in provinces where they were in a minority and not in Bengal and Punjab. Similarly, it provided reservations for non-Muslims in the NWFP.

• ​Dharsana Satyagraha, 1930:

  • It was a protest against the British salt in colonial India in May 1930.
  • Mahatma Gandhi chose a non-violent raid of the Dharsana Saltworks in Gujarat as the next protest against British rule.
  • Hundreds of satyagrahis were beaten by soldiers under British command at Dharsana.
  • In a peaceful move led by Sarojini Naidu, lines of Satyagrahis faced the lathis of police.
  • And they fell in line, only to be replaced by other lines.

• Poona Pact, 1932

  • The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed on September 24, 1932.
  • This Pact ended the fast that Gandhi had undertaken in the jail to protest against British Prime Minister Ramsay Macdonald’s award of a separate electorate to the Depressed Classes.
  • It was signed during the time of Lord Willington.
  • The Poona Pact refers to the agreement signed in 1932 to provide the depressed classes with the reservation of the electoral seats in the British India Parliament.
  • It was signed by Madan Mohan Malviya on the behalf of Mahatma Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune.

• ​White Paper

  • ​Based on these discussions, a ‘White Paper on Constitutional Reforms’ was prepared and submitted for the consideration of the Joint Select Committee of the British Parliament.
  • The recommendations of this committee were incorporated in the next Government of India Act of 1935.