The correct answer is (a) - (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i) (Option 2).
Climatological Overview of Regional and Local Winds:
•
(a) Sahara Desert - (iv) Khamsin:
•
Khamsin is an intensely hot, dry, and dust-laden southerly wind blowing from the Sahara desert across North Africa and Egypt. The Arabic word *Khamsin* signifies 'fifty', referring to its characteristic fifty-day occurrence in spring.
•
(b) Greece / Mediterranean - (iii) Sirocco:
•
Sirocco originates in the Sahara and blows northward across the Mediterranean into Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, and Malta).
•
When carrying red Saharan dust particles, precipitation associated with Sirocco is termed 'Blood Rain'.
•
(c) Iran / Middle East - (ii) Semun (Simoom):
•
Simoom is a violent, hot, suffocating sandstorm wind that blows across the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and the Iranian plateau.
•
(d) Alps Mountains - (i) Foehn:
•
Foehn is a warm, dry adiabatic downslope wind blowing down the leeward (northern) slopes of the European Alps.
•
It rapidly melts valley snow, earning the moniker 'Snow Eater' (identical in mechanism to North America's Chinook).
High-frequency Local Winds of the World:
1.
Foehn - Alps (Europe - warm katabatic wind).
2.
Chinook - Rocky Mountains (USA/Canada - 'Snow Eater').
3.
Sirocco - Sahara to Southern Europe ('Blood Rain').
4.
Khamsin - Egypt/Sahara.
5.
Harmattan - West Africa/Sahara ('The Doctor' wind).
6.
Loo - Indo-Gangetic plains (hot, summer wind).
