Correct Answer: Option (4) All pairs are correct
Detailed Explanation:
Analysis of features borrowed by the Indian Constitution from other constitutions:
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a. USA $\rightarrow$ Office of the Vice-President:
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Modelled on the American Constitution where the Vice-President acts as the ex-officio presiding officer of the upper house (Senate/Rajya Sabha). Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review, and Preamble are also borrowed from the USA. (Correct)
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b. Canada $\rightarrow$ Term 'Union' for the Central Government / Federation with a strong Centre:
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India as a 'Union of States' with vesting of residuary powers in the Centre and appointment of State Governors by the Centre is derived from the Canadian constitutional model. (Correct)
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c. South Africa $\rightarrow$ Method of election of members of Rajya Sabha:
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Election of Rajya Sabha members via proportional representation by means of single transferable vote, along with the constitutional amendment procedure under Article 368, was borrowed from South Africa. (Correct)
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d. Ireland $\rightarrow$ Nomination of members to the Rajya Sabha by the President:
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Nomination of 12 distinguished members in the fields of literature, science, art, and social service, alongside the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), was adopted from the Irish Constitution. (Correct)
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Thus, all four pairs (a, b, c, and d) are accurately matched.
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Britain: Parliamentary form of government, Rule of Law, Single citizenship, Cabinet system, Bicameralism.
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Australia: Concurrent List, Joint sitting of Parliament (Article 108), Freedom of trade and commerce.
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Weimar Constitution (Germany): Suspension of Fundamental Rights during National Emergency.
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France: Republic and ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Preamble.
