इंग्रजी व्याकरण व आकलन Combine Group B Mains 2023 MEDIUM

She gave the boy a book.' Change this sentence into passive voice. a. The boy was given a book by her. b. The boy gave a book by her. c. A book was given to the boy by her. d. A book was given to her by the boy.

Only a and d

✓

Only a and c

✓ योग्य उत्तर (Correct Answer)

Only b and d

Only b

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verified योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय (2) - सविस्तर स्पष्टीकरण

योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय २ (Only a and c)

व्याकरण विश्लेषण व नियम:

दिलेले वाक्य: *"She gave the boy a book."* (साधा भूतकाळ - Simple Past Tense).

दोन कर्मे (Ditransitive) असणाऱ्या वाक्याचे Passive रूपांतर:

या वाक्यात 'gave' (साधा भूतकाळ) या क्रियापदाला दोन कर्मे आहेत:

1. Indirect Object (अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म): 'the boy'

2. Direct Object (प्रत्यक्ष कर्म): 'a book'

अशा द्विकर्मक वाक्यांचे दोन प्रकारे Passive Voice होते:

• पद्धत १ (Indirect Object 'the boy' कर्ता बनवून):

• 'the boy' एकवचनी असल्याने `was given` येईल.

• वाक्य (a): "The boy was given a book by her." (अगदी बरोबर).

• पद्धत २ (Direct Object 'a book' कर्ता बनवून):

• 'a book' एकवचनी असल्याने `was given` येईल आणि व्यक्तीवाचक कर्मापूर्वी 'to' लागेल.

• वाक्य (c): "A book was given to the boy by her." (अगदी बरोबर).

• विधान (b) मध्ये 'was' हे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद गाळले आहे ('The boy gave...').

• विधान (d) मध्ये कर्ता आणि कर्म बदलून अर्थाचा अनर्थ झाला आहे ('A book was given to her by the boy').

• त्यामुळे केवळ विधाने (a) आणि (c) बरोबर आहेत.

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द्विकर्मक वाक्यात दोन्ही कर्मांपासून Passive रूप तयार करता येते:

1. `Indirect Object + was/were + V3 + Direct Object + by Agent`

2. `Direct Object + was/were + V3 + to + Indirect Object + by Agent`

दोन्ही रचना व्याकरणदृष्ट्या प्रमाण मानल्या जातात.

translate English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:

Correct Answer: Option 2 (Only a and c)

Grammatical Analysis & Transformation Rules:

Given Active Voice sentence: *"She gave the boy a book."* (Simple Past Tense).

Rules for Converting Ditransitive Active Sentences:

The active sentence has two objects governed by the past tense verb `gave`:

• Indirect Object: `the boy`

• Direct Object: `a book`

Both objects can be independently promoted to subject position:

1. Promoting Indirect Object ('the boy'):

• Structure: `Indirect Object + was + V3 (given) + Direct Object + by + Agent`

• Sentence (a): "The boy was given a book by her." (Grammatically correct).

2. Promoting Direct Object ('a book'):

• Structure: `Direct Object + was + V3 (given) + to + Indirect Object + by + Agent`

• Sentence (c): "A book was given to the boy by her." (Grammatically correct).

3. Distractor breakdown:

• Sentence (b) omits the auxiliary `was` (*The boy gave a book by her*), making it ungrammatical.

• Sentence (d) inverts agent and recipient roles.

• Therefore, only sentences (a) and (c) are correct, corresponding to Option 2.

💡 MPSC EXAM TIP High-Yield Exam Strategy Tip

When converting ditransitive verbs (*give, offer, send, lend, tell*):

• If Direct Object becomes subject, insert preposition `to` before the person: *A book was given TO the boy...*

• If Indirect Object becomes subject, no preposition is needed: *The boy was given a book...*

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She gave the boy a book.' Change this sentence into passive voice. a. The boy was given a book by her. b. The boy gave a book by her. c. A book was given to the boy by her. d. A book was given to her by the boy.

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