इंग्रजी व्याकरण व आकलन Forest Service Pre 2014 MEDIUM

The doctor gave him medicine. In the passive form, the sentence will be : (I) He has been given medicine by the doctor. (II) Medicine was given to him. (III) He was given medicine. (IV) Medicine has been given to him by the doctor. Answer Options :

Only (I) and (IV) are correct.

Only (III) and (IV) are correct.

✓

Only (II) and (III) are correct.

✓ योग्य उत्तर (Correct Answer)

All four are correct.

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verified योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय (3) - सविस्तर स्पष्टीकरण

योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय ३ (Only (II) and (III) are correct.)

व्याकरण विश्लेषण व नियम:

दिलेले वाक्य: *"The doctor gave him medicine."* (साधा भूतकाळ - Simple Past Tense).

दोन कर्मे (Ditransitive Verb) आणि काळाचा नियम:

1. या वाक्यात 'gave' हे साध्या भूतकाळातील क्रियापद असून दोन कर्मे आहेत:

• Indirect Object: 'him'

• Direct Object: 'medicine'

2. काळ बदलता येत नाही: मूळ वाक्य साध्या भूतकाळात (Simple Past) असल्याने Passive वाक्यात `was/were + V3 (given)` हेच सहाय्यकारी रूप आले पाहिजे.

3. दोन्ही कर्मांनुसार Passive रचना:

• (II) Direct Object कर्ता बनवून:

`Medicine was given to him.` (साधा भूतकाळ - अगदी बरोबर).

• (III) Indirect Object कर्ता बनवून:

`He was given medicine.` (साधा भूतकाळ - अगदी बरोबर).

4. विधाने (I) आणि (IV) मध्ये `has been given` वापरले आहे, जो पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ (Present Perfect Tense) आहे. Voice बदलताना काळ बदलणे हा गंभीर व्याकरणात्मक दोष आहे.

5. त्यामुळे फक्त (II) आणि (III) ही विधाने बरोबर आहेत.

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Voice चे रूपांतर करताना सर्वात मोठी होणारी चूक म्हणजे 'Tense change' (काळ बदलणे). Direct-Indirect Speech मध्ये काळ भूतकाळात जातो, पण Active-Passive Voice मध्ये काळ कधीही बदलत नाही! `gave` (Simple Past) चे `was given`च राहिले पाहिजे, `has been given` नाही.

translate English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:

Correct Answer: Option 3 (Only (II) and (III) are correct.)

Grammatical Analysis & Transformation Rules:

Given Active Voice sentence: *"The doctor gave him medicine."* (Simple Past Tense).

Rules for Tense Preservation and Ditransitive Passives:

1. The active sentence contains the simple past verb `gave` (V2) and two objects:

• Indirect Object: `him`

• Direct Object: `medicine`

2. Rule of Tense Consistency: Voice transformation preserves tense. Simple Past must transform into Simple Past Passive (`was / were + V3`).

3. Testing the options:

• Statement (II): *"Medicine was given to him."* $\rightarrow$ Correct Simple Past Passive with direct object promoted.

• Statement (III): *"He was given medicine."* $\rightarrow$ Correct Simple Past Passive with indirect object promoted.

• Statements (I) and (IV): Both employ *has been given*, which shifts the tense to Present Perfect, making them grammatically invalid conversions.

4. Therefore, only statements (II) and (III) are correct, matching Option 3.

💡 MPSC EXAM TIP High-Yield Exam Strategy Tip

Never confuse Voice rules with Narration (Direct/Indirect) rules! In Voice, the tense NEVER shifts across timeframes. Simple Past (`V2`) strictly transforms into `was/were + V3`, never `has/have been + V3`.

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The doctor gave him medicine. In the passive form, the sentence will be : (I) He has been given medicine by the doctor. (II) Medicine was given to him. (III) He was given medicine. (IV) Medicine has been given to him by the doctor. Answer Options :

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