योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय (1) - -(-a-)-,- -(-b-)-,- -(-d-)- -
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-य-ो-ग-्-य- -उ-त-्-त-र- - - -(-a-)-,- -(-b-)-,- -(-d-)- - - -ह-े- -आ-ह-े-.- - - - - - - - - - -K-e-y- -P-o-i-n-t-s- - - - - - - - - - - - -व-्-ह-ा-य-र-ॉ-इ-ड-्-स- - -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-ं- -प-े-क-्-ष-ा- -आ-क-ा-र-ा-न-े- -ल-ह-ा-न- -अ-स-त-ा-त-.- - - - - -व-्-ह-ा-य-र-ॉ-इ-ड-्-स- -म-्-ह-ण-ज-े- -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-ं-स-ा-र-ख-ा-.- - - - - -त-्-य-ा-च-ी- -अ-न-ु-व-ा-ं-श-ि-क- -स-ा-म-ग-्-र-ी- -स-ह-स-ं-य-ो-ज-क-प-ण-े- -ब-ं-द- -ग-ो-ल-ा-क-ा-र- - -R-N-A- - -(-र-ि-ब-ो-न-्-य-ू-क-्-ल-ि-क- -आ-म-्-ल-)- -आ-ह-े-.- - - - - - -ह-े- -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-ग-ा-भ-ी- -व-े-ष-्-ट-न- -क-ि-ं-व-ा- -प-्-र-थ-ि-न-े- -क-ो-ट-श-ि-व-ा-य- -आ-ह-े-.- - - - - - -ह-े- -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-प-े-क-्-ष-ा- -क-म-ी- -आ-ण-्-व-ि-क- -व-ज-न-ा-च-े- -आ-ह-े-.- - - - - -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-ं-प-्-र-म-ा-ण-े- -ज-ि-व-ं-त- -र-ा-ह-ण-्-य-ा-स-ा-ठ-ी- -त-्-य-ा-ल-ा- -ज-ि-व-ं-त- -प-े-श-ी-ं-च-ी- -ग-र-ज- -अ-स-त-े-.- - - - -व-्-ह-ा-य-र-ॉ-इ-ड-्-स- -फ-क-्-त- -व-न-स-्-प-त-ी-ं-न-ा- -स-ं-क-्-र-म-ि-त- -क-र-त-ा-त-,- -व-ि-श-े-ष-त-ः- -स-प-ु-ष-्-प- -व-न-स-्-प-त-ी- -आ-ह-े-.- - - - -य-ा-म-ु-ळ-े- - -ब-ट-ा-ट-्-य-ा-च-्-य-ा- -स-्-प-ि-ं-ड-ल- -क-ं-द- -र-ो-ग- - -ह-ो-त-ो-.- - - - - - - - - - - - -A-d-d-i-t-i-o-n-a-l- -I-n-f-o-r-m-a-t-i-o-n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू- - - - - - - - - - - -व-्-ह-ा-य-र-ॉ-इ-ड-्-स- - - - - - - - - - - -व-ि-ष-ा-ण-ू-ज-न-्-य- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -व-र-्-त-ु-ळ-ा-क-ा-र- -क-ि-ं-व-ा- -र-े-ष-ा- -d-s- -R-N-A- -क-ि-ं-व-ा- -d-s-D-N-A- -क-ि-ं-व-ा- -s-s-R-N-A- -क-ि-ं-व-ा- -d-s-D-N-A- - - - - - -व-र-्-त-ु-ळ-ा-क-ा-र- -स-ि-ं-ग-ल---स-्-ट-्-र-ँ-ड-े-ड- -R-N-A- - - - - - -व-र-्-त-ु-ळ-ा-क-ा-र- -स-ि-ं-ग-ल---स-्-ट-्-र-ँ-ड-े-ड- -R-N-A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -व-न-स-्-प-त-ी- -आ-ण-ि- -प-्-र-ा-ण-ी- -द-ो-न-्-ह-ी- -स-ं-क-्-र-म-ि-त- - - - - - -फ-क-्-त- -झ-ा-ड-ा-ं-न-ा- -स-ं-क-्-र-म-ि-त- -क-र-ा- - - - - - -प-्-र-ा-ण-्-य-ा-ं-न-ा- -स-ं-स-र-्-ग- -ह-ो-त-ो- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -प-्-र-थ-ि-न-े- -आ-व-र-ण- - - - - - -क-ो-ट- -न-स-ल-े-ल-ा- - - - - - - -क-ो-ट- - -न-स-ल-े-ल-ा- -.- - - - - - - - - - -
व्हायरॉईड्स (Viroids): 1971 मध्ये टी. ओ. डायनर (T.O. Diener) यांनी व्हायरॉईड्सचा शोध लावला. हे विषाणूपेक्षा आकाराने लहान, कमी आण्विक वस्तुमानाचे गोलाकार सिंगल-स्ट्रँडेड RNA असतात. व्हायरॉईड्समध्ये प्रथिन आवरण (Capsid) पूर्णपणे अनुपस्थित असते आणि ते केवळ सपुष्प वनस्पतींना संक्रमित करतात (उदा. बटाट्यातील स्पिंडल ट्यूबर रोग).
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English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:
Correct Answer: Option (1) -(-a-)-,- -(-b-)-,- -(-d-)-
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-T-h-e- -c-o-r-r-e-c-t- -a-n-s-w-e-r- -i-s- - - -(-a-)-,- -(-b-)-,- -(-d-)-.- - - - - - - - - - - -K-e-y- -P-o-i-n-t-s- - - - - - - - - - - - -V-i-r-o-i-d-s- - - -a-r-e- -s-m-a-l-l-e-r- -i-n- -s-i-z-e- -t-h-a-n- -v-i-r-u-s-e-s-.- - - - - -V-i-r-o-i-d-s- -m-e-a-n- -v-i-r-u-s---l-i-k-e-.- - - - - -I-t-s- -g-e-n-e-t-i-c- -m-a-t-e-r-i-a-l- -i-s- -c-o-v-a-l-e-n-t-l-y- -c-l-o-s-e-d- -c-i-r-c-u-l-a-r- -R-N-A- -(-r-i-b-o-n-u-c-l-e-i-c- -a-c-i-d-)-.- - - - - - -I-t- -i-s- -w-i-t-h-o-u-t- -a- -c-a-p-s-i-d- -o-r- -p-r-o-t-e-i-n- -c-o-a-t-.- - - - - - -I-t- -i-s- -o-f- -l-o-w- -m-o-l-e-c-u-l-a-r- -w-e-i-g-h-t- -t-h-a-n- -a- -v-i-r-u-s-.- - - - - -I-t- -n-e-e-d-s- -l-i-v-i-n-g- -c-e-l-l-s- -f-o-r- -i-t-s- -s-u-r-v-i-v-a-l- -l-i-k-e- -v-i-r-u-s-e-s-.- - - - -V-i-r-o-i-d-s- -o-n-l-y- -i-n-f-e-c-t- -p-l-a-n-t-s-,- -p-a-r-t-i-c-u-l-a-r-l-y- -a-n-g-i-o-s-p-e-r-m-s-.- - - - -I-t- -c-a-u-s-e-s- - -p-o-t-a-t-o- -s-p-i-n-d-l-e- -t-u-b-e-r- -d-i-s-e-a-s-e-.- - - - - - - - - - - - -A-d-d-i-t-i-o-n-a-l- -I-n-f-o-r-m-a-t-i-o-n- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -V-i-r-u-s- - - - - - - - - - - - -V-i-r-o-i-d-s- - - - - - - - - - - - -V-i-r-u-s-o-i-d- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -C-i-r-c-u-l-a-r- -o-r- -l-i-n-e-s- -d-s- -R-N-A- -o-r- -d-s-D-N-A- -o-r- -s-s-R-N-A- -o-r- -d-s-D-N-A- - - - - - -C-i-r-c-u-l-a-r- -s-i-n-g-l-e---s-t-r-a-n-d-e-d- -R-N-A- - - - - - -C-i-r-c-u-l-a-r- -s-i-n-g-l-e---s-t-r-a-n-d-e-d- -R-N-A- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I-n-f-e-c-t- -b-o-t-h- -p-l-a-n-t- -a-n-d- -a-n-i-m-a-l- - - - - - -I-n-f-e-c-t- -o-n-l-y- -p-l-a-n-t-s- - - - - - -I-n-f-e-c-t-s- -a-n-i-m-a-l-s- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -P-r-o-t-e-i-n- -c-o-a-t- - - - - - - -W-i-t-h-o-u-t- -c-o-a-t- - - - - - - -W-i-t-h-o-u-t- -c-o-a-t-.- - - - - - - - - - -
Discovered by T.O. Diener in 1971, Viroids are sub-viral infectious agents consisting solely of free, circular single-stranded RNA devoid of any protein capsid. They have low molecular weight and exclusively infect higher plants (e.g., Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid - PSTVd).
