Identify the correct indirect expression from the following. (a) He says that I have done my duty. (b) He said that he has done his duty. (c) He said that he had done his duty. (d) He said whether he has done his duty. Answer options :
योग्य उत्तर: पर्याय २ (Only (c))
व्याकरण विश्लेषण व नियम:
प्रश्नात अचूक Indirect रचना असणारे वाक्य निवडायचे आहे.
चारही विधानांचे व्याकरण परीक्षण:
1.
विधान (a): *"He says that I have done my duty."*
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यात 'I' आणि 'my' ही प्रथम पुरुषी सर्वनामे कर्त्यानुसार ('He') बदललेली नाहीत (ती 'he' आणि 'his' व्हायला हवी होती). त्यामुळे हे वाक्य सदोष आहे.
2.
विधान (b): *"He said that he has done his duty."*
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Reporting verb 'said' हा भूतकाळात असताना पुढे 'has done' हा वर्तमानकाळ वापरला आहे. Past tense नंतर Present Perfect येत नाही (काळ बदलाचा नियम मोडला आहे).
3.
विधान (c): *"He said that he had done his duty."*
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Reporting verb 'said' भूतकाळात आहे.
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'that' हे योग्य Conjunction आहे.
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सर्वनामे 'he' आणि 'his' अगदी योग्य आहेत.
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काळ `had done` (Past Perfect Tense) हा काळाच्या सुसंगतीनुसार (Sequence of Tenses) १००% अचूक आहे.
4.
विधान (d): *"He said whether he has done..."*
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विधानात्मक वाक्यात 'whether' येत नाही आणि काळही वर्तमानकाळ ठेवला आहे.
निष्कर्ष: केवळ विधान (c) हे व्याकरणदृष्ट्या परिपूर्ण आहे.
MPSC परीक्षा टीप
परीक्षेसाठी महत्त्वपूर्ण संकल्पना व शॉर्टकट
Sequence of Tenses:
मुख्य वाक्यात भूतकाळ (He said) असल्यास गौण वाक्यातही भूतकाळच (Past Perfect - `had done`) आला पाहिजे. 'said that he has done' हा सर्वात सामान्यपणे विचारला जाणारा चुकीचा पर्याय आहे.
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English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:
Correct Answer: Option 2 (Only (c))
Grammatical Analysis & Sequence of Tenses:
Identify the grammatically correct indirect expression.
Evaluation of Statements:
1.
Statement (a): *"He says that I have done my duty."*
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Pronouns *I* and *my* were not shifted to refer to the speaker *he* and *his*.
2.
Statement (b): *"He said that he has done his duty."*
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Sequence of tenses violation: Past reporting verb *said* cannot govern a present perfect verb *has done* in indirect speech (must backshift to past perfect).
3.
Statement (c): *"He said that he had done his duty."*
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Past reporting verb *said* correctly governs the past perfect auxiliary *had done*. Pronouns *he* and *his* correctly match the speaker. $\rightarrow$ Fully Correct.
4.
Statement (d): *"He said whether he has done his duty."*
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Conjunction *whether* cannot introduce an assertive statement, and the tense is un-backshifted.
Therefore, only statement (c) is correct, matching Option 2.
MPSC EXAM TIP
High-Yield Exam Strategy Tip
Always obey the rule of backshift:
*Past Reporting Verb (said) + that + Past Perfect (had done)*.