Identify the functions of the word 'after' in the following sentences. (a) They arrived soon after. (b) He takes after his father. (c) After ages shall sing his glory. (d) We went away after they had left.
उत्तर: पर्याय (३)
स्पष्टीकरण:
'After' या शब्दाचे चारही वाक्यांमधील कार्य:
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(a) They arrived soon after: येथे 'after' क्रिया केव्हा घडली हे दर्शवित असून ते क्रियापदाला मॉडिफाय करते, त्यामुळे ते Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण) आहे.
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(b) He takes after his father: येथे 'after' हे 'his father' या नामापूर्वी आले असून संबंध जोडते (take after = सारखा दिसणे), त्यामुळे ते Preposition (शब्दयोगी अव्यय) आहे.
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(c) After ages shall sing his glory: येथे 'after' हे 'ages' (भावी पिढ्या/युगे) या नामापूर्वी येऊन त्याचे विशेषण म्हणून कार्य करते (after ages = future ages), त्यामुळे ते Adjective (विशेषण) आहे.
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(d) We went away after they had left: येथे 'after' हे दोन स्वतंत्र उपवाक्यांना ('We went away' आणि 'they had left') जोडते, त्यामुळे ते Conjunction (उभयान्वयी अव्यय) आहे.
योग्य अनुक्रम: adverb, preposition, adjective, conjunction (पर्याय ३).
MPSC परीक्षा टीप
परीक्षेसाठी महत्त्वपूर्ण संकल्पना व शॉर्टकट
'After' चे विविध उपयोग वारंवार परीक्षेत विचारले जातात:
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Adverb: arrived soon after
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Preposition: takes after his father / after lunch
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Adjective: in after years / after ages
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Conjunction: left after the rain stopped.
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English Explanation / स्पष्टीकरण:
Answer: Option (3)
Explanation:
Syntactic categorization of the word 'after':
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(a) They arrived soon after: Modifies the verb 'arrived' indicating time; functions as an Adverb.
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(b) He takes after his father: Precedes the noun phrase 'his father' as part of the phrasal verb construction; functions as a Preposition.
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(c) After ages shall sing his glory: Qualifies the noun 'ages' (meaning 'later/future generations'); functions as an Adjective.
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(d) We went away after they had left: Connects two finite clauses ('We went away' and 'they had left'); functions as a subordinating Conjunction.
Therefore, the respective functions are: adverb, preposition, adjective, conjunction (Option 3).
MPSC EXAM TIP
High-Yield Exam Strategy Tip
Classic parts-of-speech chameleon: 'After' operates across four distinct classes: Adverb (afterwards), Preposition (governing a noun), Adjective (subsequent/later), Conjunction (linking two clauses).